The book documents thirty cases in which university-trained scholars were condemned for disseminating allegedly erroneous opinions in their teaching or writing.

After a brief sketch of the state of Buridan studies, this review article examines the recent study, by Benoît Patar, of a commentary on Aristotle’s Physics that is generally attributed to Albert of Saxony, but which Patar believes to have been authored by John Buridan (the text is preserved in the manuscript Bruges, Stadsbibliotheek 477, fols. 60va–163vb, and was edited by Patar himself in 1999). Patar is utterly convinced that the Bruges Quaestiones represent Buridan’s prima lectura, that is, his first (...) course of lectures on the Physics, which preceded the two other redactions that are traditionally attributed to him. However, there is no textual evidence in support of this assumption, but only speculative circumstantial evidence. The article therefore rejects Patar’s thesis as highly problematic. (shrink)

In risposta alla diffusa credenza, promossa soprattutto dalle opere di C. Schmitt, dell'esistenza di una pluralità di approcci alla filosofia naturale di Aristotele, nel Medioevo e nel Rinascimento, viene qui sottoposta ad esame la categoria storiografica di «aristotelismo». Al fine di spiegare continuità e trasformazioni nella storia dell'aristotelismo, si propone una definizione tipologica di questa categoria e si traccia una distinzione tra i principi generali che costituiscono il nucleo dell'aristotelismo, e che sono professati da tutti gli aristotelici, e le specifiche (...) dottrine aristoteliche, che possono essere modificate, o addirittura respinte, dall'una o dall'altra variante di aristotelismo. Ad illustrazione di questa distinzione vengono analizzate la teoria della mixtio di Marsilio di Inghen e la teoria dell'infinito di Buridano. (shrink)

A continuing need for care for elderly, combined with looser family structures prompt the question what filial obligations are. Do adult children of elderly have a duty to care? Several theories of filial obligation are reviewed. The reciprocity argument is not sensitive to the parent–child relationship after childhood. A theory of friendship does not offer a correct parallel for the relationship between adult child and elderly parent. Arguments based on need or vulnerability run the risk of being unjust to those (...) on whom a needs-based claim is laid. To compare filial obligations with promises makes too much of parents’ expectations, however reasonable they may be. The good of being in an unchosen relationship seems the best basis for filial obligations, with an according duty to maintain the relationship when possible. We suggest this relationship should be maintained even if one of the parties is no longer capable of consciously contributing to it. We argue that this entails a duty to care about one’s parents, not for one’s parents. This implies that care for the elderly is not in the first place a task for adult children. (shrink)

Se ha intentado realizar una traducción literal del texto de Lambert. En contadas ocasiones se han substituido construcciones sintácticas del alemán por otras que facilitan, a juicio del traductor, la lectura del texto en español. Asimismo, en algunos pasajes se han alterado los signos de puntuación, con la finalidad señalada.

ObjectiveFreezing of gait is detrimental to patients with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Its pathophysiology represents a multilevel failure of motor processing in the cortical, subcortical, and brainstem circuits, ultimately resulting in ineffective motor output of the spinal pattern generator. Electrophysiological studies pointed to abnormalities of oscillatory activity in freezers that covered a broad frequency range including the theta, alpha, and beta bands. We explored muscular frequency domain activity with respect to freezing, and used deep brain stimulation to modulate these rhythms thereby (...) evaluating the supraspinal contributions to spinal motor neuron activity.MethodsWe analyzed 9 PD freezers and 16 healthy controls. We studied the patients after overnight withdrawal of dopaminergic medication with stimulation off, stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus or the substantia nigra pars reticulate, respectively. Patients performed a walking paradigm passing a narrow obstacle. We analyzed the frequency-domain spectra of the tibialis anterior and gastrocnemius muscles in ‘regular gait’ and during the ‘freezing’ episodes.ResultsIn stimulation off, PD freezers showed increased muscle activity of the alpha and low-beta band compared to HC in both TA and GA. This activity increase was present during straight walking and during the freezes to similar extent. STN- but not SNr-DBS decreased this activity and paralleled the clinical improvement of freezing.ConclusionWe found increased muscle activation of the alpha and lower beta band in PD freezers compared to HC, and this was attenuated with STN-DBS. Future studies may use combined recordings of local field potentials, electroencephalography, and electromyography to interrogate the supraspinal circuit mechanisms of the pathological activation pattern of the spinal pattern generator. (shrink)

Keine ausführliche Beschreibung für "Die Philosophie des Mittelalters" verfügbar.

This work has been selected by scholars as being culturally important, and is part of the knowledge base of civilization as we know it. This work is in the "public domain in the United States of America, and possibly other nations. Within the United States, you may freely copy and distribute this work, as no entity (individual or corporate) has a copyright on the body of the work. Scholars believe, and we concur, that this work is important enough to be (...) preserved, reproduced, and made generally available to the public. We appreciate your support of the preservation process, and thank you for being an important part of keeping this knowledge alive and relevant. (shrink)

A continuing need for care for elderly, combined with looser family structures prompt the question what filial obligations are. Do adult children of elderly have a duty to care? Several theories of filial obligation are reviewed. The reciprocity argument is not sensitive to the parent–child relationship after childhood. A theory of friendship does not offer a correct parallel for the relationship between adult child and elderly parent. Arguments based on need or vulnerability run the risk of being unjust to those (...) on whom a needs-based claim is laid. To compare filial obligations with promises makes too much of parents’ expectations, however reasonable they may be. The good of being in an unchosen relationship seems the best basis for filial obligations, with an according duty to maintain the relationship when possible. We suggest this relationship should be maintained even if one of the parties is no longer capable of consciously contributing to it. We argue that this entails a duty to care about one’s parents, not for one’s parents. This implies that care for the elderly is not in the first place a task for adult children. (shrink)

Inhaltsverzeichnis/Table of Contents Themenschwerpunkt/Special Topic: Bolzano & Kant Gastherausgeber/Guest Editor: Sandra Lapointe Sandra Lapointe: Introduction Sandra Lapointe: Is Logic Formal? Bolzano, Kant and the Kantian Logicians Nicholas F. Stang: A Kantian Reply to Bolzano¿s Critique of Kant¿s Analytic-Synthetic Distinction Clinton Tolley: Bolzano and Kant on the Place of Subjectivity in a Wissenschaftslehre Timothy Rosenkoetter: Kant and Bolzano on the Singularity of Intuitions Waldemar Rohloff: From Ordinary Language to Definition in Kant and Bolzano Weitere Artikel/Further Articles Christian Damböck: Wilhelm Diltheys empirische (...) Philosophie und der rezente Methodenstreit in der analytischen Philosophie Bernd Prien: Socially Constituted Actions and Objects Daniel Enrique Kalpokas: Two Dogmas of Coherentism Jon Cogburn & Jeff W. Roland: Strong, therefore Sensitive. Misgivings about DeRose¿s Contextualism Andre Abath: Brewer¿s Switching Argument Essay-Wettbewerb/Essay Competition Amadeus Magrabi: The Value of Feelings for Decision-Making Stefan Reining: Do Pain-Accompanying Emotions Mislead Us?¿Considerations in the Light of Reactive Dissociation Phenomena Peter Königs: Patriotism. A Case Study in the Philosophy of Emotions Besprechungsaufsatz/Review Essay Christopher Gauker: What Do Your Senses Say? On Burge¿s Theory of Perception Diskussion/Discussion Georg Brun: Adequate Formalization and De Morgan¿s Argument Buchnotizen/Critical Notes. (shrink)

This book traces the historical roots of the cognitive sciences and examines pre-modern conceptualizations of the mind as presented and discussed in the tradition of commentaries on Aristotle's De anima from 1200 until 1650. It explores medieval and Renai.

Background: Depressive disorder is one of the main health problems worldwide. Many risk factors have been associated with this pathology. However, while the association between risks factors and adult depression is well established, the mechanisms behind its impact remains poorly understood. A possible, yet untested explanation is the mediating impact of levels of personality functioning, i.e., impairments with regard to self and interpersonal.Method: Around 162 patients were assessed at the beginning of their therapy, with regard to risk factors, such as (...) sociodemographic, physical, hereditary, and adverse childhood experiences. Depressive symptoms and personality functioning were also measured. Associations between the related variables as well as other possible covariates were examined by means of zero-order correlations and bootstrapping-based mediation analysis.Results: Of all the risk factors taken into account, level of education and physical illness were associated with depression. On the other hand, the most significant predictor of depressive symptomatology was ACE, and this relationship was mediated by personality functioning. This indicates that patients presenting adverse childhood experiences are more likely to develop deficiencies in personality functioning, which in turn increases their likelihood of developing depressive symptomatology.Conclusion: These results reaffirm the importance of incorporating risk and vulnerability factors such as personality functioning in understanding depression. (shrink)

O presente trabalho é resultado da pesquisa­ação realizado pelo grupo PIBID­ Sociologia de Marília. A pesquisa encontra­se em andamento e tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de atividades didático­pedagógicas para o ensino de Sociologia com estudantes do Ensino Médio, bem como de materias didático de apoio, baseados na teoria Histórico­Cultural, com especial ênfase em Leontiev (a partir da Teoria da Atividade). Com a perspectiva de melhor compreender os trabalhos realizados, seguem­se as análises com a utilização das contribuições de Galperin (com a (...) Teoria da Formação por Etapa das Ações Mentais). O desenvolvimento desta pesquisa se faz necessário, entre muitas coisas, devido a não consolidação da disciplina nas grades curriculares brasileiras, o que levou a uma escassez de acúmulos de materiais nessa área do conhecimento. Dessa forma, o texto apóia­ se nesses autores, tendo como base a formação de conceitos a partir das ações objetivas dos seres humanos – neste caso os estudantes. Ele sustenta, ainda, que a educação e o processo de ensino/aprendizagem só poderão cumprir o papel de propulsora do desenvolvimento humano, quando esse processo se der a partir da ação intencional dos sujeitos, de maneira a fazer com que os mesmos, se apropriem e ressignifiquem o conceito/conhecimento histórico­socialmente criado, que lhes seja necessário. (shrink)

O ponto central deste artigo é explicar como as emoções desempenham um papel fundamental no comportamento moral dos mamíferos sociais. Entendida como um fenômeno natural, a moralidade é caracterizada como um sistema de exigências recíprocas, em que os lobos estão envolvidos desde o nascimento, e o vínculo emocional entre os membros da matilha desempenha um papel fundamental. O argumento é empiricamente informado para apresentar uma possível relação entre emoções e instintos sociais com relação à aptidão dos lobos para comportamentos sociais (...) moralmente qualificados, com base na existência de um sistema social complexo dentro da alcateia. O artigo relaciona pesquisas cognitivas sobre emoções e sistemas psicobiológicos a estudos contemporâneos em etologia de lobos para apoiar, empiricamente, a tese filosófica de que emoções surgem em resposta a uma série de eventos socialmente significativos. Assim, o objetivo é elucidar a natureza das demandas emocionais inerentes à moralidade, bem como sua relação com as características naturais que permitiram aos lobos desenvolver uma vida social complexa. Nesse sentido, o artigo pretende apresentar os elementos necessários para o surgimento de um fenômeno moral inerente aos mamíferos com vida social complexa, o que parece ser um forte argumento a favor de uma teoria que explique a moralidade em bases evolutivas. Palavras-chave: Moral. Emoções. Lobos. Emotivismo. Etologia. (shrink)

J. M. M. H. Thijssen - Nicolas d'Autrécourt et la Faculté des Arts de Paris - Journal of the History of Philosophy 46:1 Journal of the History of Philosophy 46.1 172-173 Muse Search Journals This Journal Contents Reviewed by Johannes M. M. H. Thijssen Radboud University Nijmegen Stefano Caroti and Christophe Grellard, editors. Nicolas d'Autrécourt et la Faculté des Arts de Paris . Quaderni di Paideia, 4. Cesena: Stilgraf Editrice, 2006. Pp. 329. e32.00. This book is a (...) coherent set of papers resulting from a conference organized by its editors, Stefano Caroti and Christophe Grellard. In the opening paper, William Courtenay rightly observes that the 1330s are an understudied period in the intellectual history of the University of Paris, especially with respect to its.. (shrink)

In this book, a dozen distinguished scholars in the field of the history of philosophy and science investigate aspects of the commentary tradition on Aristotle's De generatione et corruptione, one of the least studied among Aristotle's treatises in natural philosophy. Many famous thinkers such as Johannes Philoponus, Albert the Great, Thomas Aquinas, John Buridan, Nicole Oresme, Francesco Piccolomini, Jacopo Zabarella, and Galileo Galilei wrote commentaries on it. The distinctive feature of the present book is that it approaches this commentary (...) tradition as a coherent whole, thereby ignoring the usual historiographical distinctions between the Middle Ages, the Renaissance, and the seventeenth century. Frans de Haas and Henk Kubbinga address the Greek commentary tradition on De generatione et corruptione. Simone van Riet's essay is devoted to the Latin version of Avicenna's third treatise of his Kitab al Shifa, which discusses Aristotle's De generatione et corruptione. James Otte traces the intricate history of the identification of the Latin translator of Aristotle's treatise as Burgundio of Pisa. The essay by John Murdoch explores the fortuna of atomistic arguments in the Latin commentary tradition. Jurgen Sarnowsky, Henk Braakhuis, and Stefano Caroti examine various themes in the commentaries that were produced by the so-called Buridan School, that is, John Buridan, Albert of Saxony, Nicholas Oresme, and Marsilius of Inghen. The article by Silvia Donati focuses on the influential commentary by the Expositor, Giles of Rome. The final essay, written by Anita Guerrini, tackles Robert Boyle's attitude in the Origin of Forms and Qualities toward such Aristotelian key concepts as forms, matter, qualities, and mixture. These essays are prefaced by a preliminary survey by Hans Thijssen of Aristotle's text, its Latin translations and its Greek, Arabic and Latin commentaries. (shrink)

Johann Gottlieb Fichte: Über den Begriff der Wissenschaftslehre oder der sogenannten Philosophie Erstdruck: Weimar (Industrie-Comptoir) 1794. Der Text folgt der zweiten vermehrten und verbesserten Ausgabe: Jena (Gabler) 1798. Textabweichungen gegenüber der Erstausgabe sind in den Fußnoten wiedergegeben. Der in der Erstausgabe enthaltene dritte Abschnitt »Hypothetische Eintheilung der Wissenschaftslehre« wurde in der zweiten Ausgabe gestrichen, da er durch Fichtes inzwischen erschienene »Grundlage der gesamten Wissenschaftslehre« (1794/95) überflüssig geworden war. Die der zweiten Ausgabe beigefügten Rezensionen (zu Schellings Schrift »Über die Möglichkeit der (...) Form einer Philosophie überhaupt« und zu Fichtes »Über den Begriff der Wissenschaftslehre« aus Jacobs »Philosophischen Annalen«) wurden nicht mit aufgenommen. Vollständige Neuausgabe mit einer Biographie des Autors. Herausgegeben von Karl-Maria Guth. Berlin 2014. Textgrundlage ist die Ausgabe: Johann Gottlieb Fichtes sämmtliche Werke. Herausgegeben von I. H. Fichte, Band 1-8, Berlin: Veit & Comp., 1845/1846. Die Paginierung obiger Ausgabe wird in dieser Neuausgabe als Marginalie zeilengenau mitgeführt. Umschlaggestaltung von Thomas Schultz-Overhage. Gesetzt aus Minion Pro, 11 pt. (shrink)

A explicação bioquímica da dominância permite a reinterpretação do fenômeno e da relação entre a genética da transmissão e a genética molecular. O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir sobre as explicações de dominância e recessividade a partir da proposta de Mendel, e como a genética molecular contemporânea contribuiu nesse sentido. Para tanto, considerar-se-á alguns autores que, no século XX, procuraram explicar o fenômeno bem como aspectos referentes à articulação entre genética da transmissão e genética molecular na interpretação da dominância. O (...) artigo tratará de explicações para a dominância em dois níveis, o fenotípico (original de Mendel) e o molecular, visando mostrar que, sob o enfoque epistemológico, elas não tratam do mesmo fenômeno, isto é, são conhecimentos distintos e que historicamente se mesclaram. (shrink)

Neste artigo, refletimos sobre a história de vida no imbricado teórico-metodológico do movimento Lagoas do Norte para Quem?, deslocando o olhar para saber quem são os moradores que lutam pelo corpo-território da Comunidade Boa Esperança, no Piauí. Para isso, percorremos o caminho de uma comunicação decolonial (VILLANUEVA, 2017), partindo da construção do conhecimento horizontal (BERKIN, 2019), com perspectivas na territorialização e ciência do comum (SODRÉ, 2002, 2006, 2015), atravessados pela história de vida (PINEAU; LE GRAND, 2012) e imersos em um (...) direito à comunicação (HERRERA FLORES, 2009; GALLARDO, 2014). Na investigação, amparados pelas narrativas orais de histórias de vida (PERAZZO, 2015), nos dedicamos a estudar o site Museu da Boa Esperança. (shrink)